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  Human anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of the human body. For a first-year MBBS student, anatomy forms the foundation of all medical knowledge. It helps you understand how different organs look, where they are located, and how they relate to each other. Without anatomy, diagnosis, physical examination, and surgical skills cannot be developed. Anatomy is mainly divided into three broad branches. Gross Anatomy deals with the organs and structures that can be seen with the naked eye. It includes the study of regions like the thorax , abdomen , limbs , and head and neck . Students often learn gross anatomy through cadaver dissection , which gives a real understanding of the human body. Histology , or microscopic anatomy , focuses on tissues and cells. With the help of a microscope, students learn how organs are built at the cellular level. Embryology studies the development of the human body from a single fertilized egg to a fully formed baby. This helps explain c...

 Part.1 1. The functional unit of the kidney is called: A. Nephron B. Glomerulus C. Tubule D. Corpuscle 2. The outer region of the kidney is known as: A. Renal pelvis B. Renal cortex C. Renal papilla D. Renal column 3. The renal medulla contains: A. Renal pyramids B. Glomeruli C. Bowman’s capsules D. Afferent arterioles 4. Urine first collects in the: A. Ureter B. Renal pelvis C. Minor calyx D. Distal tubule 5. The structure that filters blood plasma is: A. Loop of Henle B. Glomerulus C. Ureter D. Collecting duct 6. The afferent arteriole carries blood: A. Away from glomerulus B. Toward glomerulus C. To ureter D. To pelvis 7. The longest part of nephron is the: A. Proximal tubule B. Distal tubule C. Collecting duct D. Loop’s descending limb 8. The renal artery branches directly from the: A. Aorta B. Iliac artery C. Renal vein D. Pulmonary artery 9. The tip of each renal pyramid is called: A. Cortex B. Papilla C. Calyx D. Hilum 10. The kidney is located behind the peritoneum, so it ...

  Which layer of the heart is responsible for contraction? A. Endocardium B. Myocardium C. Epicardium D. Pericardium The right coronary artery primarily supplies which structure? A. Left ventricle B. Right ventricle C. Left atrium D. Pulmonary trunk The fossa ovalis is located in the: A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left ventricle The aortic valve opens during which phase of the cardiac cycle? A. Atrial systole B. Ventricular systole C. Atrial diastole D. Ventricular diastole The sinoatrial node receives its blood supply mainly from the: A. Left coronary artery B. Right coronary artery C. Anterior interventricular artery D. Circumflex artery The pulmonary trunk divides into right and left pulmonary arteries at which level? A. T1 vertebra B. T4–T5 level C. Sternal angle D. Aortic opening The ligamentum arteriosum connects the: A. Aorta and left atrium B. Pulmonary trunk and aortic arch C. Right ventricle and pulmonary artery D...

  The heart is located in which compartment of the thoracic cavity? A. Pleural cavity B. Mediastinum C. Pericardial sinus D. Costodiaphragmatic recess The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is the: A. Tricuspid valve B. Pulmonary valve C. Aortic valve D. Mitral valve The pacemaker of the heart is situated in which chamber? A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left ventricle The coronary arteries arise from which part of the aorta? A. Arch of aorta B. Descending aorta C. Ascending aorta D. Abdominal aorta The structure that separates the right and left ventricles externally is the: A. Interatrial groove B. Atrioventricular groove C. Interventricular groove D. Coronary sulcus Which vessel brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? A. Pulmonary artery B. Pulmonary veins C. Superior vena cava D. Coronary sinus The thickest wall of the heart is found in the: A. Right atrium B. Left ventricle C. Right ventricle D...

  1.The functional unit of the kidney is called the: A. Neuron B. Nephron C. Lobule D. Sarcomere 2. The epiphyseal plate is responsible for which type of bone growth? A. Width B. Length C. Density D. Strength  3. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the intestine? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B12 C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin K 4. The pacemaker of the heart is the: A. AV node B. SA node C. Purkinje fibers D. Bundle of His 5. The main site of RBC destruction is the: A. Kidney B. Bone marrow C. Spleen D. Liver 6. The basic structural and functional unit of a muscle fiber is the: A. Sarcomere B. Myelin C. Nephron D. Osteon 7. Which type of joint is the shoulder joint.? A. Hinge joint B. Pivot joint C. Ball and socket joint D. Saddle joint 8. Which hormone increases blood glucose levels? A. Insulin B. Glucagon C. Thyroxine D. ADH 9. The primary energy currency of the cell is: A. NADH B. ATP C. GTP D. FADH₂ 10. The largest organ o...